I have a 2011 Ford Ranger and I am not able to shift to 2,3,4,5 gears. When I left home I backed out ok and took off (in 1st) okay, but could not get any other gears engaged.
Once I got back home I parked the truck put it in reverse, turned the engine off, left the emergency brake off, and took my foot off the clutch - the truck didn't move (in gear).
Then I put the truck in 1st - same result.
But when I put the truck in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th - once I took my foot off the brake the truck rolled - not in gear.
All the fluid levels are good and no leaks on the ground. There were no signs of problems the day before.

Believe it is a clutch problem, but what?

 

Welcome to the forum

No, not a clutch problem, clutch separates engine from transmission, allowing RPMs of engine and rear wheels to match up, but has nothing to do with transmissions shifting.

Reads like a shift rod problem

So with engine off shifting feels OK? you don't need to use the clutch for this, clutch is only needed when engine is running
But trans is not actually going into gear, because it rolls

Having 1st and Reverse is odd though

There are 3 shift rods 1/2, 3/4, 5/R

Your shift arm slides these 3 rods to select each gear the / is neutral
Under side of shifter seen here: https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/vZwAA...crX/s-l640.jpg
The large forks slide 1/2 and 3/4 "gears" into locked positions, 5/R uses smaller fork

Have a read here: https://www.ranger-forums.com/drivet...d-gear-149803/

And there was not issues prior?
Hard to shift?

And when was the last clutch installed?
Its not a clutch issue but it could have been a reassembly issue with the clutch install

You have an M5OD-R1 manual transmission, also called M5R1, smaller brother of the M5OD-R2 used in full size Ford trucks, so they are identical except for the size

 

So the question I have, is can you still move the shifter "into gear" and it just doesn't shift, or is it like a wall, blocking 2-3-4-5

Beyond some major mechanical damage to the trans, the only thing I can think of that would cause this is broken shift rail roll pins, or the stub shaft on the shifter breaking someway.

There is also a plastic bushing that sits under and on top of the shifter stub shaft, check to see if that is broken or worn. You will have to take the shifter cover off the floor of the truck, remove the shifter extension arm, and then remove the trans shifter cover. Its a 3 torx bolt cover. The bushings are visible/serviceable from here. If you broke one of the alignment pins for the shifter, that could also cause that issue.